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EXPLANATION
✔ Correct answer:
Evaluating Maria’s personal expectations and addressing any uncertainties she may have. Preoperative nursing care for a patient undergoing a radical mastectomy should prioritize addressing the patient's emotional, psychological, and informational needs. Breast cancer and its surgical treatment, especially a radical mastectomy, can cause significant distress due to changes in body image, potential loss of function, and uncertainty about prognosis. The nurse must assess Maria’s expectations, clarify any misconceptions, and provide accurate, compassionate information about the procedure, recovery process, and possible outcomes.
Many patients experience anxiety, fear, or even depression before surgery. Effective preoperative care includes allowing Maria to express her concerns, validating her emotions, and providing educational support about what to expect before, during, and after surgery. The nurse should also encourage Maria to voice any misconceptions and work to correct them with evidence-based information.
The loss of a breast can profoundly affect self-esteem and identity. Patients may struggle with grief, fear of recurrence, and concerns about femininity or intimacy. Addressing these issues preoperatively prepares the patient for post-surgical adaptation.
Imagine preparing for a major life change, like moving to a new city. You would want detailed information about your new environment, possible challenges, and reassurance that you’ll have support. Similarly, Maria needs clear, compassionate guidance before surgery to reduce anxiety and promote a smoother recovery.
To help Maria cope with her upcoming mastectomy, the nurse should focus on supportive and educational interventions, including:
- Assessing Maria’s understanding of the surgery and providing clear, realistic explanations.
- Encouraging Maria to express her feelings and concerns about body image and recovery.
- Providing information on post-mastectomy care, including wound care and pain management.
- Offering resources such as counseling or support groups for breast cancer patients.
- Involving Maria’s family or significant others in the discussion, if she wishes, to foster emotional support.
✘ Incorrect answer options:
Fostering a consistently cheerful and optimistic atmosphere. While maintaining a positive environment is helpful, excessive cheerfulness without addressing Maria’s real concerns can feel dismissive or invalidate her emotions. It is essential to balance optimism with realistic, compassionate discussions about her surgery and potential challenges.
Limiting Maria’s visitor interactions to ensure she has ample personal time. Restricting visitors without her request could lead to increased feelings of isolation and anxiety. Instead, the nurse should encourage Maria to decide how much interaction she desires and support her in maintaining connections with loved ones.
Offering assurances to Maria that she will achieve a complete cure from cancer. False reassurance is not appropriate, as the prognosis of breast cancer depends on various factors, including staging and treatment response. Instead, the nurse should provide honest, evidence-based information and emotional support to help Maria cope with uncertainty.
References
- Lewis, S. L., Bucher, L., Heitkemper, M. M., & Harding, M. M. (2019). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier.
- Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2020). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care. Elsevier.